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The Financial Stability Board recently released its annual Global Monitoring Report on Nonbank Financial Intermediation for 2025. The report, a cornerstone of the FSB’s work on monitoring the nonbank financial sector (often referred to as “shadow banking”), provides a data-driven assessment of trends, risks, and regulatory implications.
While the report does not introduce new policy measures, it updates the FSB’s analysis of the sector’s size and composition, tracking shifts in asset growth, leverage, and liquidity mismatches across jurisdictions. The FSB has previously noted that nonbank financial intermediation (NBFI) plays an important role in providing credit and market liquidity, but also poses potential risks to financial stability, particularly during periods of stress.
The 2025 edition examines key areas such as open-ended fund vulnerabilities, the use of leverage by nonbank entities, and the interconnectedness between banks and nonbanks. It also reviews progress on the FSB’s policy recommendations aimed at enhancing resilience of the NBFI sector. No specific aggregate figures or country-level breakdowns have been disclosed in the source material.
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Key Highlights
- Sector Growth and Scope: The report confirms that nonbank financial intermediation has continued to expand globally, representing a meaningful share of the overall financial system. Growth drivers include investor demand for yield, financial innovation, and regulatory shifts that have encouraged activity outside the traditional banking sector.
- Vulnerabilities in Open-Ended Funds: The FSB’s analysis points to continued concern over liquidity mismatch in open-ended funds, where redemption terms may not align with the liquidity of underlying assets. This mismatch could amplify selling pressure during market stress.
- Leverage and Interconnectedness: The report examines the degree of leverage employed by nonbank entities, including hedge funds and other investment vehicles, and how that leverage could transmit shocks across the broader financial system. Interconnections with banks and other intermediaries remain a focus.
- Policy Response and Regulatory Progress: The FSB notes progress in implementing its recommendations from previous years, including measures to improve data collection, enhance margin practices, and strengthen liquidity management in the NBFI sector. However, gaps remain in certain areas, particularly regarding consistency across jurisdictions.
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Expert Insights
The 2025 report reinforces that nonbank financial intermediation continues to evolve, presenting both opportunities and challenges for the global financial system. From a regulatory perspective, authorities face the ongoing task of balancing the benefits of market-based finance with the need to contain systemic risk.
For investors, the findings suggest that the NBFI sector’s resilience may be tested in future periods of market stress. While the report does not point to an imminent threat, it underscores that vulnerabilities in areas such as liquidity transformation and leverage could become more pronounced in adverse conditions. Market participants may wish to monitor developments in fund redemption terms and collateral practices.
The FSB’s work highlights the importance of cross-border coordination, as many NBFI entities operate globally. Regulators are likely to continue refining macroprudential tools to address risks that could spill over from the nonbank sector into the broader economy. For now, the message is one of vigilance rather than alarm, with a focus on ensuring that the NBFI sector’s growth is matched by appropriate risk management frameworks.
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